Kidney Stone Formation
Description
Kidney stones (also called renal calculi) are hard deposits made of crystal-forming substances- such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid, formed inside the kidneys, that makes the urine more concentrated. Kidney stones can affect any part of the urinary tract- from kidneys to bladder.
Browse Other Animations
Kidney Stone Surgery
Kidney stones or renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis are hard deposits made of minerals[...]
Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2
Immunity plays an important role against SARS-CoV-2. The immune responses, both innate and adaptive[...]
siRNA Pathway
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are 21–23nt dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) molecules that facilitate[...]
Anti-PD-1 PD-L1 therapy of human cancer
PD-L1,a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein, is a PD-1 ligand that can deliver inhibitory signals to[...]
