Shigella is pathogenic only for humans and the strains are unusual among enteric bacteria in their ability to gain access to the epithelial cell cytosol, where they replicate and spread directly into adjacent cells. It causes disease by invading the epithelium of the colon, resulting in an intense acute inflammatory response. Shigella species are Gram-negative, non-sporulating and facultative anaerobes. S. flexneri (Shigella flexneri) lacks surface structures such as flagella, fimbriae, and...
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