Pathways
LPS Stimulated MAPK Signaling
Description:
Endotoxin LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that potently promotes the activation of macrophages and microglia cells, which are important sensors of infection by bacteria, fungi, and viruses, in both the periphery and the CNS (Central Nervous System). There are several known LBP (LPS-Binding Proteins) present on macrophage membranes, including CD14, CD11b/18, and TLR (Toll-like Receptors). TLRs are mammalian homologs of the Drosophila Toll receptor and are involved in initiat...
References:
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TLR4 Signaling Pathway Modulators as Potential Therapeutics in Inflammation and Sepsis.
Vaccines (Basel). 2017 Oct 4;5(4). pii: E34. doi: 10.3390/vaccines5040034. Review. -
TLR4-induced NF-κB and MAPK signaling regulate the IL-6 mRNA stabilizing protein Arid5a.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Mar 17;45(5):2687-2703. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx064. -
Mammalian MAPK signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation: a 10-year update.
Physiol Rev. 2012 Apr;92(2):689-737. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2011. Review. -
Activation and function of the MAPKs and their substrates, the MAPK-activated protein kinases.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2011 Mar;75(1):50-83. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00031-10. Review. Erratum in: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2012 Jun;76(2):496.
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