Pathways
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle
Description:
The Malate (L-Malic Acid)-Asp (Aspartate or L-Aspartate or Aspartic Acid) Shuttle of mammalian systems is more complex but more energy efficient. Mitochondrial NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is reduced by cytosolic NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, Reduced) through the intermediate reduction and subsequent regeneration of OAA (Oxaloacetate) (Ref.1). In the cytosol, the shuttle converts OAA to Malate using the enzyme MDH1 (Malate Dehydrogenase-Cytoplasmic), and at the same time re-oxidizes NADH to NAD+,...
References:
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Activities of enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle and the isoenzyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma and peripheral leukocytes of lactating Holstein cows and riding horses.
Res. Vet. Sci. 2003 Aug;75(1):15-9. -
Malate-aspartate shuttle, cytoplasmic NADH redox potential, and energetics in vascular smooth muscle.
J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 1998 Aug;30(8):1571-9. -
Reconstitution of the malate/aspartate shuttle from mitochondria.
J. Biol. Chem. 1987 Nov 25;262(33):15979-83.
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