The MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) cascades play a pivotal role in many aspects of cellular functions, and are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. In Saccharomyces. cerevisiae, there are five MAP kinase signal transduction pathways that regulate mating, filamentous growth, high osmolarity response, maintenance of cellular integrity, and ascospore formation. The best-defined yeast MAPK pathway in S. cerevisae is involved in the mating of haploid cells. Yeast may exist either as haploid or diploid cells. Th...
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