Glucose is the most common source of cellular energy and a substrate for many biochemical processes. It is typically produced from ingested dietary carbohydrates but may also be created within the body using gluconeogenesis. Once inside the cell, glucose enters a cycle of changes to release energy in the form of ATP. Normal cells with access to oxygen utilize glycolysis to metabolize glucose into two molecules of pyruvate and form two molecules of ATP. The pyruvate is further oxidized in the mitochondria to acetyl-CoA via the...
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