Cancer cell genotypes are a manifestation of six essential alterations in cell physiology that collectively dictate malignant growth; self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory (anti-growth) signals, evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis), limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis and tissue invasion and metastasis. Environmental and endogenous DNA-damaging agents and genetic instability drive tumor progression by generating mutations in two types of genes, oncogenes and tumor s...
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