All organisms are exposed to a multitude of DNA damaging agents ranging from UV (Ultraviolet) light to fungal metabolites, like Aflatoxin B1. Furthermore, DNA damaging agents, such as ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), can be produced by cells themselves as metabolic byproducts and intermediates. Together, these agents pose a constant threat to an organism's genome. As a result, organisms have evolved a number of vitally important mechanisms to repair DNA damage in a high fidelity manner. They have also evolved systems (cel...
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