Pathways
Toll-Like Receptors
Description:
TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are transmembrane proteins expressed by cells of the innate immune system, which recognize invading microbes and activate signaling pathways that launch immune and inflammatory responses to destroy the invaders. Toll receptors were first identified in Drosophila. In mammals, the TLR family includes eleven proteins (TLR1-TLR11). Recently, two new members, TLR12 and TLR13 have been discovered in mouse, but not much information is known about them. Mammalian TLRs consist of an extracellular portion con...
References:
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Toll-like receptors in antiviral innate immunity.
J Mol Biol. 2014 Mar 20;426(6):1246-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.11.024. Epub 2013 Dec 3. -
Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.
Front Immunol. 2014 Sep 25;5:461. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00461. eCollection 2014. Review. -
The TRAF-associated protein TANK facilitates cross-talk within the IkappaB kinase family during Toll-like receptor signaling.
Exp Mol Med. 2013 Dec 6;45(12):e66. doi: 10.1038/emm.2013.97. -
Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling as a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: A Journey from Molecular to Nano Therapeutics.
Front Physiol. 2017 Jul 19;8:508. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00508. eCollection 2017. Review.
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