Featured Pathways
Shigella strains are unusual among enteric bacteria in their ability to gain access to the epithelial cell cytosol, where they replicate and spread directly into adjacent cells. These strains are pathogenic only for human. It invades the epithelium of the colon, resulting in an intense acute inflammatory response. The S. flexneri (Shigella flexneri) serotype 2a is[..]
R. conorii (Rickettsia conorii) causes Mediterranean Spotted Fever in humans, which is transmitted by brown dog ticks. Rickettsia are obligate intracellular bacteria normally living in arthropod cells. Rickettsia are true bacteria, small coccobacilli that are normally stained with Giemsa and poorly by the Gram stain. Its cell wall morphology is that of a[..]
R. prowazekii (Rickettsia prowazekii) is smaller in size than normal bacteria and is an obligately intracellular pathogen that use arthropod vector for the spread of epidemic Typhus fever. However, they are true bacteria, small coccobacilli that are normally stained with Giemsa and poorly by the Gram stain. Its cell wall morphology is that of a Gram-negative bacillus (Ref.1).[..]
S. typhi (Salmonella typhi) or S. enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi) is the aetiological agent of Typhoid fever, a serious invasive bacterial disease of humans. Many S. enterica serovars actively invade the mucosal surface of the intestine but are normally contained in healthy individuals by the local immune defence mechanisms.[..]
Salmonella are important pathogens in humans and animals. S. choleraesuis (Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis) is a highly invasive serovar among non-typhoidal Salmonella and usually cause systemic human Salmonellosis without Diarrhea and septicemic Salmonellosis and Enterocolitis in pigs (Ref.1). S. choleraesuis infections are[..]
S. enterica (Salmonella enterica) serovars often have a broad host range and some cause both gastrointestinal and systemic disease. S. paratyphi (Salmonella paratyphi) is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family; it is a Gram-negative motile, aerobic rod which is facultatively anaerobic. The serovar Paratyphi A or S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A is[..]
S. typhimurium (Salmonella enterica subspecies I, serovar Typhimurium), is a leading cause of human Gastroenteritis, and is used in mouse models of human Typhoid fever. The genus Salmonella comprises two species: S. enterica, which is subdivided into over 2,000 serovars, and S. bongori (Salmonella bongori). Some serovars of S.[..]
Shigella is pathogenic only for humans and the strains are unusual among enteric bacteria in their ability to gain access to the epithelial cell cytosol, where they replicate and spread directly into adjacent cells. It causes disease by invading the epithelium of the colon, resulting in an intense acute inflammatory response. Shigella species are Gram-negative,[..]
The organism T. thermophilus HB8 (Thermus thermophilus HB8) is a Gram-negative eubacterium that grows in a natural thermal environment with temperatures ranging from 50 to 82 degrees Centigrade. Unlike other extreme anaerobic thermophiles, the Thermus species are an exception, as they are strict aerobic chemorganotrophs. Although aerobic, T. thermophilus HB8[..]
The genus Yersinia is known to include eleven species, three of which are potentially pathogenic to humans; Y. pestis (Yersinia pestis), Y. pseudotuberculosis (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis), and Y. enterocolitica (Yersinia enterocolitica). Y. pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative Coccobacillus belonging to the family[..]
G. sulfurreducens (Geobacter sulfurreducens), a delta-proteobacterium, is an obligately anaerobic, non-fermentative, non-motile, Gram-negative rod. Geobacter species are of interest because of their novel electron transfer capabilities, impact on the natural environment and their application to the Bioremediation of contaminated environments and harvesting electricity from[..]
A cell must selectively translocate molecules across its plasma membrane to maintain the chemical composition of its cytoplasm distinct from that of the surrounding milieu. The most intriguing and, arguably, the most important membrane proteins for this purpose are the ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) transporters. These proteins, found in all species, use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate[..]
