Pathways

Leptospira is a genus of Spirochetal bacteria and the causative agent of Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution and transmission to humans occurs through contact with domestic or wild animal reservoirs or an environment contaminated by their urine. Leptospira is a flexible, spiral-shaped, Gram-negative Spirochete with internal flagella.[..]

The genus Leptospira consists of a genetically heterogeneous group of pathogenic and saprophytic species belonging to the phylum Spirochaetales. It is the causative agent of Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution and transmission to humans occurs through contact with domestic or wild animal reservoirs or an environment contaminated by their urine.[..]

Leptospira is a genus of Spirochetal bacteria and the causative agent of Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution and transmission to humans occurs through contact with domestic or wild animal reservoirs or an environment contaminated by their urine. Leptospira is a flexible, spiral-shaped, Gram-negative Spirochete with internal flagella. Leptospira[..]

The genus Leptospira consists of a genetically heterogeneous group of pathogenic and saprophytic species belonging to the phylum Spirochaetales. It is the causative agent of Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution and transmission to humans occurs through contact with domestic or wild animal reservoirs or an environment contaminated by their urine. Leptospira is a[..]

T. maritima (Thermotoga maritima), is an anerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which usually grows singly or in pairs. The organism has an optimum growth temperature of 80 degrees centigrade. T. maritima metabolizes many simple and complex carbohydrates, keto-acids, etc. to fuels such as Hydrogen. The metabolism of amino acids like Glycine, Serine and[..]

The Gram-negative oral spirochete T. denticola (Treponema denticola) is predominantly associated with the incidence and severity of human periodontal disease. T. denticola is an obligate anaerobe commonly associated with an inflammation of gum tissue that frequently precedes bone resorbtion and subsequent tooth loss of humans. T. denticola lacks a[..]

Rickettsial infections have played a significant role in the history of Western civilization through epidemic Typhus and Rickettsia used arthropod vector for the spread of Typhus fever. R. typhi (Rickettsia typhi) is a smaller in size than normal bacteria and obligately intracellular pathogen. However, they are true bacteria, small coccobacilli that are normally stained with[..]

R. conorii (Rickettsia conorii) causes Mediterranean Spotted Fever in humans, which is transmitted by brown dog ticks. Rickettsia are obligate intracellular bacteria normally living in arthropod cells. Rickettsia  are true bacteria, small coccobacilli that are normally stained with Giemsa and poorly by the Gram stain. Its cell wall morphology is that of a[..]

R. prowazekii (Rickettsia prowazekii) is smaller in size than normal bacteria and is an obligately intracellular pathogen that use arthropod vector for the spread of epidemic Typhus fever.  However, they are true bacteria, small coccobacilli that are normally stained with Giemsa and poorly by the Gram stain. Its cell wall morphology is that of a Gram-negative bacillus (Ref.1).[..]

S. typhi (Salmonella typhi) or S. enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi) is the aetiological agent of Typhoid fever, a serious invasive bacterial disease of humans. Many S. enterica serovars actively invade the mucosal surface of the intestine but are normally contained in healthy individuals by the local immune defence mechanisms.[..]

Salmonella are important pathogens in humans and animals. S. choleraesuis (Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis) is a highly invasive serovar among non-typhoidal Salmonella and usually cause systemic human Salmonellosis without Diarrhea and septicemic Salmonellosis and Enterocolitis in pigs (Ref.1). S. choleraesuis infections are[..]

S. enterica (Salmonella enterica) serovars often have a broad host range and some cause both gastrointestinal and systemic disease. S. paratyphi (Salmonella paratyphi) is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family; it is a Gram-negative motile, aerobic rod which is facultatively anaerobic. The serovar Paratyphi A or S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A is[..]