Pathways

The Gram-negative oral spirochete T. denticola (Treponema denticola) is predominantly associated with the incidence and severity of human periodontal disease. T. denticola is an obligate anaerobe commonly associated with an inflammation of gum tissue that frequently precedes bone resorbtion and subsequent tooth loss of humans. T. denticola lacks a[..]

Rickettsial infections have played a significant role in the history of Western civilization through epidemic Typhus and Rickettsia used arthropod vector for the spread of Typhus fever. R. typhi (Rickettsia typhi) is a smaller in size than normal bacteria and obligately intracellular pathogen. However, they are true bacteria, small coccobacilli that are normally stained with[..]

W. succinogenes (Wolinella succinogenes) is a non-fermenting bacterium that grows anaerobically. It is rod-shaped bacteria with monotrichous flagellation and the insertion of the flagellar motor is into the pole of the cell. W. succinogenes resides in the bovine rumen, the human gingival sulcus, and dental root canal infections. W. succinogenes, is closely[..]

The yeast A. gossypii (Ashbya gossypii), also known as E. gossypii (Eremothecium gossypii), is a free-living hemiascomycete that utililizes amino acid metabolisms to obtain its nitrogen source. For such reason the metabolism of Glycine, Serine and Threonine is essential for the survival of A. gossypii. Yeast physiology can be either obligately[..]

Y. pestis (Yersinia pestis), the Gram-negative Coccobacillus belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae is the causative agent of Plague and is arguably the deadliest pathogen in history. It is one of several agents likely to be used as a biological weapon in a bioterrorism event. Yersinia sp. is responsible for disease syndromes ranging from Gastroenteritis to Plague.[..]

Like many bacteria, yeast species can form biofilms on several surfaces. C. albicans (Candida albicans) colonizes in the surfaces of catheters, prostheses, and epithelia, forming biofilms that are extremely resistant to anti-fungal drugs. The protein Gcn4 (Transcriptional Activator Gcn4), a regulator of amino acid metabolism, is required for normal biofilm growth. The[..]

Y. pestis (Yersinia pestis) strand KIM belongs to biovar Mediaevalis. Y. pestis is actually catagorized into three subtypes or biovars; Antiqua, Medievalis, and Orientalis, each associated with a major pandemic and it is believed that Y. pestis is a clone that evolved from Y. pseudotuberculosis (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis) about 1.5 to 20[..]

S. cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are single-celled fungi which multiply by budding or in some cases by division (fission). Yeast fermentations comprise the oldest and largest application of microbial technology. Yeast physiology can be either obligately aerobic or facultatively fermentative. There is no known obligately anaerobic yeast. In pharmacy and chemistry, a[..]

Y. pestis (Yersinia pestis) is rod shaped, Gram-negative, and non-motile but has two distinct flagellar gene clusters; one set is incomplete and the other produces a truncated protein, which acts as a transcriptional activator for the flagellar genes. Y. pestis, a Group-A bioterrorism agent, causes Plague, a re-emerging zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through[..]

The metabolism of Glycine, Serine and Threonine is essential for the unicellular eukaryote S. pombe (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), as it uses L-Serine or L-Threonine as sole nitrogen source for its survival. During the metabolism of these amino acids, L-Threonine is generally synthesized from Pyruvate and L-Aspartate. The enzyme Threonine Ammonia Lyase/Threonine Dehydratase[..]

W. succinogenes (Wolinella succinogenes) is a non-fermenting bacterium that grows anaerobically. It is rod-shaped bacteria with monotrichous flagellation and the insertion of the flagellar motor is into the pole of the cell. W. succinogenes resides in the bovine rumen, the human gingival sulcus, and dental root canal infections. W. succinogenes, is closely related to[..]

T. thermophilus (Thermus thermophilus) is a Gram-negative, aerobic eubacterium which grows at temperatures ranging from 50 to 82 degrees Centigrade. The organism, T. thermophilus strain HB27 grows in a natural thermal environment with an optimal growth at 68 degrees Centigrade and pH 7.0. Most extreme thermophiles that live in geothermal environments are strict[..]