Pathways

Symbiobacterium thermophilum is a symbiotic Gram-negative and tryptophanase-positive thermophile. It is an uncultivable bacterium isolated from compost that depends on microbial commensalism. It does not grow by itself under standard culture conditions; however, when cocultured with Bacillus sp., it propagates. S.thermophilum proliferates under both aerobic and anaerobic[..]

Lactic acid bacteria play important roles in food conservation because of their fermentative ability and contribute to the equilibrium of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii)  is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and adhere to intestinal cells. Such interactions of bacteria with the gastrointestinal tract contribute to its[..]

Group-A Streptococcus pyogenes remains an important human pathogen responsible for a variety of suppurative infections, including pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo, and cellulitis and for nonsuppurative sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, and reactive arthritis (Ref.1). S. pyogenes strains are grouped into two classes on the basis of post infectious[..]

Listeria monocytogenes(L. monocytogenes) is a Gram-positive bacterium widely spread in nature and responsible for sporadic severe infections in humans and other animal species. This pathogen is a facultative intracellular microorganism capable of invading and surviving in most host cells, including epithelial cells and macrophages. L. monocytogenes strain F2365 (Serotype 4b)[..]

Group-A Streptococcus pyogenes remains an important human pathogen responsible for a variety of suppurative infections, including pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo, and cellulitis and for nonsuppurative sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever, acute Glomerulonephritis, and reactive arthritis (Ref.1). S. pyogenes strains are grouped into two classes on the basis of post[..]

Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Azorhizobium-known as Rhizobia-are Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacteria of agronomic importance because they perform nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with leguminous plants. Nodule formation and the subsequent nitrogen-fixation result from a series of interactions controlled by the exchange of molecular signals between symbiotic bacteria[..]

Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most economically important lactic acid bacteria used in the manufacture of yogurt and cheeses. This bacterium belongs to the group of GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) bacteria which is an exception in the Streptococcus genus. S. thermophilus is used, along with Lactobacillus sp., as a starter culture for the manufacture of several important[..]

Staphylococcus aureus are Gram-positive nonmotile coccus that grows in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in which it forms grape-like clusters. S. aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and the major causative agent of numerous hospital- and community-acquired infections. It produces numerous toxins including super antigens that cause unique disease entities such as toxic-shock[..]

Ralstonia solanacearum (previously named Pseudomonas solanacearum) is a devastating, soil-borne plant pathogen and the causal agent of bacterial wilt, one of the most important bacterial diseases worldwide. Hundreds of different plant species, including many important agricultural crops such as potato, tomato, banana, pepper, and even trees such as eucalyptus are affected by[..]

Photorhabdus sp. are facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods, nonsporulating and chemoorganotrophic heterotrophs with respiratory and fermentative metabolisms. They are included in the family of Enterobacteriaceae belonging to Group-5 and Sub-group1. Almost all species of Photorhabdus are entomopathogenic. The bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens is pathogenic to a wide range of[..]

Sinorhizobium meliloti (formerly Rhizobium meliloti), is a common Gram-negative soil and rhizosphere bacterium, that forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of certain genera of leguminous plants, including Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella sp. Inside the nodules, differentiated bacteria called bacteroids fix atmospheric nitrogen (i.e. reduce N2 into NH3) to the benefit[..]

Oceanobacillus iheyensis is an alkaliphilic and extremely halotolerant Bacillus-related species isolated from deep-sea sediment. It is also known as 'small ocean bacillus pertaining to the Iheya Ridge' from where it was isolated. O. iheyensis grows at depths of up to 3,000 m. The bacteria thrive under high hydrostatic pressure and grow optimally at about 30 degrees Celsius (Ref.[..]