Biological Databases and Tools

Featured Pathways

Featured Pathways All Pathways Categories Powerpoints

Displaying 589 to 600 (of 828 pathways)

...
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
(current)50
...

Featured Pathways

Granzyme Pathway

Killer lymphocytes are key players in the effector arm of the immune response that eliminate cells infected with intracellular pathogens and transformed tumor cells. Killer cells in both adaptive and innate immunity-T cells (CTLS) and natural killer (NK) cells, respectively, use the same basic mechanisms for destroying their targets, although they are triggered by distinct receptors and the[..]

NF-KappaB Family Pathway

NF-KappaB (Nuclear Factor-KappaB) is a heterodimeric protein composed of different combinations of members of the Rel family of transcription factors. The Rel/ NF-KappaB family of transcription factors are involved mainly in stress-induced, immune, and inflammatory responses. In addition, these molecules play important roles during the development of certain hemopoietic cells, keratinocytes,[..]

IL3 Pathway

Interleukin 3 (IL3) is a T cell-derived glycoprotein involved in cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. It regulates haemopoiesis, the formation of blood cells in the body. IL3, also called multi-CSF (multi-lineage colony stimulating factor), is produced by T cells and mast cells, after activation with mitogens or antigens. It was first isolated from murine bone marrow cells[..]

PKR Pathway

PKR (Protein kinase-R) is a ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase that has been implicated as a signal integrator in translational and transcriptional control pathways. PKR mediate apoptosis induced by many different stimuli, such as LPS (Lipopolysaccharides), IFN-Gamma (Interferon-Gamma), cytokines, growth factor, viral infection, or serum starvation. PKR activity is[..]

Lectin Induced Complement Pathway

Complement is a complex system containing more than 30 various glycoproteins present in serum in the form of components, factors, or other regulators and/or on the surface of different cells in the form of receptors. It is a highly sophisticated host defence system designed to destroy pathogens. Once the complement system is activated, a chain of reactions involving proteolysis and assembly[..]

Lactose Synthesis

Lactose (or D-Lactose) is a disaccharide composed of Galactose (or Galactose) and Glucose (or D-Glucose). It occurs only in milk. It is the primary carbohydrate in milk of most species. Lactose is synthesized in mammary glands. Two Glucose molecules are required for each Lactose molecule synthesized. One Glucose is converted to UDP-Glucose (Uridine Diphosphate-Glucose), which in turn is[..]

Oxidation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

Unsaturated fatty acids are Beta-oxidized in the normal pathway as far as possible. However, polyunsaturation or unsaturation at odd positions produces a molecule that the major pathways cannot utilize as a substrate. To solve this problem, a number of enzymes exist in the peroxisome to convert these molecules to appropriate substrates which can be shuttled into the normal pathway.[..]

Mechanism of Anthrax Toxins

Anthrax is a severe, although rather rare, infectious disease that is caused by the Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The infectious form is the spore and the major virulence factors of the bacterium are its poly-Gamma-D-glutamic acid capsule and the tripartite anthrax toxin. The discovery of the anthrax toxin receptors in the early 2000s has allowed in-depth studies[..]

Reelin Pathway

Reelin is a large extracellular glycoprotein involved in the development of architectonic patterns, particularly in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, where primarily Cajal-Retzius cells synthesize it The Reelin signaling pathway controls neuronal migration and positioning in central nervous system (CNS) development, as well as synaptic plasticity and memory[..]

TWEAK Pathway

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (TNFSF) that is induced in a variety of cell types in situations of tissue injury. It is expressed in various tissues including the intestine, pancreas, lung, brain, skeletal muscle, heart and vasculature. The 249 amino acid-comprising membrane-bound form of TWEAK[..]

Rap1 Pathway

Rap1 (Krev-1/smg p21), a small-molecular-weight GTP-binding protein that belongs to the Ras-like superfamily of GTPases, is involved in signal transduction cascades. It is highly homologous to Ras but it is down regulated by its own set of GAPs (GTPase-Activating Proteins). Rap1 is implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes including the control of platelet activation,[..]

GPCR Pathway

GPCRs (Guanine Nucleotide Binding–Protein Coupled Receptors) comprise large and diverse gene families in fungi, plants, and the animal kingdom. Also termed serpentine receptors, GPCRs are polytopic membrane proteins that share a common structure with seven transmembrane segments, but sequence similarity is minimal among the most distant GPCRs. Their principal function is to transmit[..]